How Tall Can A Pole Be Before Registering

This guide explores what trademarks are, how they tin can benefit you and your organization, and why registration is important.

1. Understanding trademarks

To succeed in the business world, you demand to send the right message and develop the right epitome. If people cannot option your products or services out from the crowd, they might work with another person or company that is easier for them to notice.

In fact, some brand names that got famous in the 1920s for being reliable and high quality are notwithstanding leaders today. That is because the public likes what it knows and trusts. Companies spend millions of dollars taking intendance of their corporate image.

A registered trademark is i fashion to protect your corporate image. Registering your trademark gives you legal title to information technology the way a deed gives y'all title to a piece of real manor.

What is a trademark? A trademark is a sign or combination of signs used or proposed to be used by a person to distinguish their goods or services from those of others.

Over time, trademarks come up to correspond non simply the actual goods or services a person or company provides, but as well the reputation of the producer. Trademarks are very valuable intellectual property.

There are several types of trademarks:

An ordinary trademark includes words, designs, tastes, textures, moving images, mode of packaging, holograms, sounds, scents, three-dimensional shapes, colours, or a combination of these used to distinguish the goods or services of 1 person or organization from those of others. For instance, suppose y'all started a courier business that you chose to call Featherbrained-up. Y'all could annals these words as a trademark (if you met all the legal requirements) for the service that you offer.
A certification marker can be licensed to many people or companies for the purpose of showing that certain goods or services meet a defined standard. For example, the Woolmark blueprint, owned by Woolmark Americas Ltd., is used on vesture and other goods.

People occasionally misfile trademarks with patents, copyrights, industrial designs and integrated circuit topographies. Like trademarks, these others are forms of intellectual property. Nonetheless, there are of import differences:

Trademarks may be ane or a combination of words, sounds, designs, tastes, colours, textures, scents, moving images, three-dimensional shapes, modes of packaging or holograms, used to distinguish the goods or services of i person or organization from those of others.
Patents cover new and useful inventions (product, composition, machine, process) or whatsoever new and useful improvement to an existing invention.
Copyright provides protection for literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works (including computer programs) and other subject-matter known as performer's performances, audio recordings and advice signals.
Industrial designs are the visual features of shape, configuration, pattern or ornament, or any combination of these features applied to a finished article.
Integrated circuit topographies are the three-dimensional configurations of electronic circuits embodied in integrated circuit products or layout designs.

Merchandise name vs. trademark

A merchandise name is the name of your concern. A trade proper name tin be registered under the Trademarks Deed only if it is likewise used equally a trademark; that is, if it is used to place goods or services.

For example, permit u.s. suppose that y'all own an ice foam business and that your visitor is chosen "A.B.C. Ltd.".

Example ane: People know your water ice foam under the name "A.B.C. Ltd." because y'all apply this name as a trademark that you place on your water ice cream. You can therefore apply to register the trade proper noun "A.B.C. Ltd." as a trademark.

Example 2: People know your water ice foam by the name "North Pole", which is what you utilize to promote your product. Even though the name of your company is "A.B.C. Ltd," no one thinks of that proper noun when they think of what you sell. In that case, the name "A.B.C. Ltd." is not being used as a trademark just rather as a trade name.

Note: A trademark registration may be cancelled if someone else in Canada has made use of a similar trade name or trademark in the past.

Registered trademark vs. unregistered trademark

When you annals your trademark, y'all become the sole right to employ the marking across Canada for x years. Y'all tin can renew your trademark every 10 years afterward that.

A registered trademark is one that has been entered in the Annals of Trademarks. The document of registration is direct evidence that you own the trademark.

Y'all do not have to register your trademark; by using a trademark for a certain length of time, you may have rights under common police force. Nevertheless, if you use an unregistered trademark and finish up in a dispute, you lot could be looking at a long, expensive legal battle over who has the right to utilise information technology. If you lot neglect to actually use the marker for a long fourth dimension, your registration may be taken off of the Register of Trademarks, which will brand it more than difficult to prove legal ownership of the trademark.

Read about how to register trademarks outside of Canada later in this Guide.

What you can and cannot register as a trademark

What you lot can register

You can register any trademark that does non contravene the Trademarks Human activity. For more detailed information, see the Trademarks Deed.

What you can't register

Trademarks that are generally unregistrable include the following:

Names and surnames

A trademark may non be registered if it is naught more than a proper noun or surname.

An exception is if you can prove that your goods or services have become well known under the proper name or surname and so that the word has acquired a second meaning in the public mind.

Conspicuously descriptive marks

Y'all may non register a trademark that clearly describes a characteristic or quality of your goods or services.

For example, the words "sweet" for water ice cream, "juicy" for apples, and "perfectly clean" for dry out-cleaner services could not be registered equally trademarks. All apples could be described equally "juicy" and all ice cream equally "sweetness"; these are natural characteristics of the items. If yous were allowed to register these words, no other apple tree sellers or ice cream vendors could use them to promote their goods, and that would be unfair. But, over again, if you can plant that "Sweetness Water ice Foam" has get and so well known that people volition immediately think of your production (and no one else's) when they read or hear these words, yous may be allowed to register the trademark.

Deceptively misdescriptive marks

Yous cannot register a trademark that is deceptively misleading. For case, you could not register "pikestaff carbohydrate" for candy sweetened with artificial sweetener or "air express" for a courier service that uses ground transportation.

Place of origin

You may non register a trademark that describes the geographical location where the appurtenances or services come from. Allowing you lot to use such place names as your trademark would mean you are the only one who can apply the geographical identify name, and that would be unfair to others who trade in that place. For case, you could not register "Italian republic" for lasagna.

Besides, yous may not register a word that misleads the public into thinking that the goods or services come from a certain place when they do not. For example, yous could not register "Paris Fashions" or "Denmark Furniture" as a trademark for goods or services if they did non come from there.

Words in other languages

You may not annals trademarks that are the name, in any language, of the goods or services associated with your trademark. For example, you would not be able to register the give-and-take "gelato" (Italian for "water ice cream") in association with frozen confections; "anorak" (Inuktitut for "parka") in association with outerwear; or "wurst" (German for "sausage") in clan with meat.

Disruptive with a registered or awaiting trademark

Beware of trademarks that are similar to another trademark that is registered or is the subject of a previously-filed awarding. If your trademark is confusingly similar to a registered trademark or a awaiting trademark, it volition be refused.

Trademark examiners look at many things when they determine whether trademarks are confusing, including:

whether the trademarks await or sound alike and whether they suggest similar ideas
whether the trademarks are used to marketplace similar appurtenances or services

Permit's go back to the example of "North Pole" water ice foam. Suppose another visitor were manufacturing and selling frozen-water products under the registered trademark "South Pole." The public could easily think that "Due north Pole" and "South Pole" products are fabricated and sold past the same company, and may expect that the trademarks would be owned by the same organization. That could mean your application to register "Northward Pole" would exist turned down because it could crusade confusion with the registered marking "South Pole," which is endemic by another company.

For more data on confusingly similar trademarks, you tin refer to subsection 6(5) of the Trademarks Deed.

Trademarks that are identical to, or probable to be mistaken for, prohibited marks

You lot may non register a trademark that is identical or similar to certain official marks unless you have the permission from the organization that controls the mark. These official marks include:

official regime designs (east.g., the Canadian flag)
coats of arms of the Regal Family
badges and crests such as those of the Canadian War machine and the letters RCMP
emblems and names of the Red Cross, the Reddish Crescent, and the United Nations
armorial bearings (coats of arms), flags and symbols of other countries
symbols of provinces, municipalities and public institutions

Subject affair that is scandalous, obscene, or immoral is as well non allowed. For example, your trademark may not include profane language, obscene visuals or racial slurs.

You may non use portraits and signatures of living people or people who have died within the terminal 30 years. For example, using the photograph of an existing rock group to promote your record shop is not immune unless you lot take their permission.

A few other things you cannot do

You cannot register a trademark if it consists of a plant variety denomination (when a right is granted to the owner for command over the multiplying and selling of reproductive material for a particular institute multifariousness) or is a mark so nearly resembling a constitute variety denomination that information technology is likely to be mistaken for it, where the application covers the plant variety or another plant diversity of the aforementioned species.

Yous cannot register a trademark that indicates the geographical origin of a wine, spirit, or agronomical product or food unless your appurtenances are from that geographical area. For instance, you could not register the trademark "Okanagan Valley" if the vino you are making is from Ontario.

Who can apply for registration?

In order to be entitled to registration of a trademark, an applicant must be a "person". A "person" may be an individual, partnership, trade union, association, joint venture, or corporation. An applicant can include two or more persons, for example "John Doe, Jane Smith".

How long does registration terminal?

Your registration lasts for x years from the appointment of registration. You may renew it every ten years after that for a fee.

How much does an awarding cost?

You must pay an application fee when submitting your application for the registration of a trademark.

What to consider earlier filing an application

This guide volition give yous the basic information you need to file a trademark awarding. Notwithstanding, the Registrar cannot write your application for you, give you legal or business organisation advice, or do a search of trademarks for you lot.

Search the Canadian Trademarks Database

A expert commencement step is to practise a search of existing trademarks to bank check whether your trademark could be confusing with someone else's. You lot practice not have to do this, simply it will assist you know whether similar trademarks exist. If they do, yous could end up infringing on someone's trademark, which could country yous in courtroom.

You tin can do a search through the Canadian Trademarks Database. The listings comprehend trademarks (active and inactive), official marks and prohibited marks. As before long every bit the Registrar receives your awarding, it too becomes part of the public tape.

To practice a proper search, you will accept to check for different possible versions of the trademark that you lot want to register. For a standard grapheme trademark (word or words), you should wait for all possible spellings, including in French. For example, if your trademark is "N Pole," you would search for "Northward", "Nord", and "Pole."

To offset your search, visit the Canadian Trademarks Database. Employ our tutorial to make the about of your search.

Search trade names

Before y'all go any further, you lot should also search trade names. Trade names are often used equally trademarks - even if they are non registered.

Example of search trade names

The name of your company is "North Pole." A company called "S Pole" has never filed for trademark registration. All the same, if the name "Southward Pole" has go known for frozen-water products, the company could argue that it has rights in the name "Due south Pole" as a trade proper name and also as a trademark.

The Registrar would not have the name "Due south Pole" in its trademark records because information technology does not register merchandise names. "Southward Pole", yet, could hands notice out that you are using "North Pole", either by doing a search of the Registrar's records or past seeing your application published in the Trademarks Journal on the website of the Canadian Intellectual Property Office. "Southward Pole" may then challenge your application during the opposition stage in the registration process.

Delight annotation that trade names tin be recorded separately in each province under provincial legislation. Therefore, at that place is no unmarried, complete list of trade names in Canada.

Since searching trade names can be quite circuitous, we advise that y'all hire a trademark agent to practise the piece of work for you.

Consider hiring a registered trademark agent

Preparing and following through on your trademark awarding tin can be a circuitous procedure. Whoever does it needs a lot of knowledge about trademark constabulary and how the Registrar'southward role works.

Beware of unregistered trademark agents! They are not authorized to represent applicants in the prosecution of trademarks applications.

A trademark agent will make sure that your application is properly written so that your trademark will be protected. This is peculiarly of import if someone challenges your right to the trademark. You practice not have to hire an agent but it is oft advisable to do then.

One time yous have an agent, the Registrar will correspond with that person. If you cancel that arrangement, the Function will and so correspond with you lot directly. You may alter trademark agents or cull to no longer take 1 at any fourth dimension.

Consult the listing of registered trademark agents should you wish to rent a registered trademark agent to handle your file.

ii. Filing a trademark application

Preparing a trademark application

A complete application includes:

the name and mailing accost of the applicant
a representation or clarification, or both, of the trademark
a statement in specific and ordinary commercial terms of the goods and services associated with the trademark
the statement of appurtenances and services grouped according to the Nice Classification
the awarding fee
any other requirements specific to the type of trademark sought to be registered

You must file a separate application for each trademark that y'all wish to register. However, ane application can cover a number of goods or services for a given trademark.

Representation or description

Your awarding must include a representation or description, or both, of the trademark which conspicuously indicates what is being sought for registration.

The representation may contain more than one view of the trademark if multiple views are necessary for the trademark to be clearly defined. In add-on, the representation must not exceed 8cmx8cm in size.

For color trademarks or trademarks that are claiming colour(s) equally a feature, representations must be submitted in colour, forth with a description of the color(s) and where they appear in the trademark.

For sound and moving image trademarks, an electronic representation and a description of the trademark is required.

For more than information on the representation and description requirements for not-traditional trademarks, please refer to the Practice notice on non-traditional trademarks.

Note: If you wish to keep your trademark registered, you must annals your trademark the way you will utilize it. In other words, you must non alter information technology in whatever way, including irresolute the colour every bit yous described it in your application.

Application fees

When y'all transport u.s. an application to register a trademark, y'all must pay the awarding fee. The fee is fabricated upwardly of the base fee which includes one class of goods or services and some other fee for each additional class of goods or services.

You can pay by credit card (VISA, MasterCard, or American Express), straight payment, postal money social club or cheque (postal money orders and cheques must be fabricated payable, in Canadian dollars, to the Receiver General for Canada). Practice not add federal and provincial taxes.

Filing your application

Yous may file your application and pay the fee online or y'all may ship your finished application with your payment past mail.

Filing date

Once the Registrar has received your application, staff will review information technology to make certain it is consummate. If anything is missing, nosotros will contact yous to ask for more information. Once this process is finished, we will admit that we have received your application and give it a filing date - that is, the date on which your application met all the filing requirements. This filing date is important since it is the engagement used to assess who is entitled to registration in the instance of defoliation betwixt co-pending trademarks.

Yous may change your application in some ways after you have filed information technology. However, not all changes are acceptable. Certain changes will mean you have to file a new application.

The exam process

After the Part receives your application and grants it a filing date, we:

search the trademark database to observe any registered or pending trademark that is confusing with your trademark (if we notice i, we volition inform yous)
examine the application to brand certain it does not contravene the Trademarks Human action and Regulations, heighten whatsoever objection to registering your trademark and inform you of any outstanding requirements
publish the application in the Trademarks Journal later which the public may file an opposition (challenge) to your awarding
register your trademark if no 1 opposes to your awarding (or if an opposition has been decided in your favour)

Examiners do a thorough search of the trademarks database to make sure that your trademark does not disharmonize with ane already filed or registered.

Test

The examiner assigned to your file reviews the search results, determines if the trademark is registrable, and decides whether your application tin exist approved for advertisement. The examiner volition permit you or your agent know of whatever objections, if at that place are any. You then have a chance to respond. If your answers do not satisfy the examiner, you will get a letter explaining that your application has been refused and telling yous why. If you receive a refusal, yous have the right to entreatment to the Federal Courtroom of Canada.

Note: There is no special form for responding to an examiner'due south report unless you are asked to send a revised application.

Pre-publication search

Before a trademark is advertised in the Trademarks Journal, the examiner performs 2nd search (a pre-publication search) to make certain that no one has recently registered or practical for a trademark that would disharmonize with the i you want to register. If there is a conflict, the Registrar volition tell you or your agent and ask for your comments.

Publication

If the pre-publication search does not show whatsoever new confusing trademarks, we will advertise the awarding in the Trademarks Periodical published on our website every Midweek. The Periodical is the official publication that lists every application that has been approved for advertisement in Canada. It gives information about an application, including the name and address of the applicant, the file number, the filing date, the trademark, and the associated goods and services. By advert applications, nosotros requite others a chance to object to them before they are registered.

Opposition

Whatever person can oppose a trademark awarding advertised in the Trademarks Journal . The person must file either a statement of opposition or a asking asking for more time to oppose within 2 months of the advertizement. The proper fee must be sent with the argument of opposition or the request for more time. The Registrar volition not allow any opposition that we consider to be frivolous.

If your awarding is opposed and you do not already have an agent, we urge yous to rent i at this point. The same is true if you wish to oppose someone else'south awarding. Y'all can find a listing of agents here.

Opposition is a circuitous and often long procedure. Opposition proceedings are adversarial in nature and similar to court proceedings. Both parties may file prove and written representations, cross-examine the evidence of the other party, and appear at an oral hearing. After a final conclusion is made, information technology may exist appealed to the Federal Court of Canada.

For more information, visit the Trademarks Opposition Board (TMOB) web pages on opposition proceedings or contact u.s..

Registration

If there is no opposition, or if an opposition has been decided in your favour, the Registrar will register your application and will not look at any further challenges. The Registrar will send you a certificate of registration and enter the trademark in the Annals of Trademarks.

Abandonment

If you practice not respond to an examiner's report, the Registrar may consider your application to be abandoned. Before this happens, the Registrar volition notify yous and give you a chance to correct the state of affairs inside a specific time period. If you exercise not respond within that time, you volition take to file a new awarding (along with some other fee).

Notation: If you exercise non notify the Registrar of a change of address, the Registrar is not responsible for any correspondence that yous or your amanuensis exercise not receive.

Communicating with the Office of the Registrar of Trademarks

Business with the Office of the Registrar of Trademarks is normally done in writing. All paper correspondence should exist addressed to:

Function of the Registrar of Trademarks
Canadian Intellectual Holding Office
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
Place du Portage I
50 Victoria Street, Room C114
Gatineau QC K1A 0C9

Fax: 819-953-CIPO (2476)

Correspondence about opposition or summary expungement (section 45 of the Trademarks Act) must exist clearly marked "Attending Opposition Board" or "Attention: Section 45 Proceedings", depending on the contents of the letter, and addressed to:

Trademarks Opposition Lath
Canadian Intellectual Property Office
Innovation, Scientific discipline and Economical Evolution Canada
Identify du Portage I
l Victoria Street
Gatineau QC K1A 0C9

Fax: 819-953-CIPO (2476)

For more information, please consult CIPO's correspondence procedures.

If you are asking about the status of your awarding and it has not nevertheless been given to an examiner, you should contact the Customer Service Center. If your application has been given to an examiner, please use the contact number on the study sent to y'all past that examiner.

The Registrar will reply to all questions, simply cannot:

search the Canadian Trademarks Database for you
submit documents for registering transfers of ownership
give you legal advice, other than telling you about the Trademarks Act, the Trademarks Regulations, and other data that you can become on our website

To notice out the condition of agile opposition or summary expungement files, please come across the Canadian Trademarks Database.

Electronic services

You tin apply our electronic services to:

file a trademark awarding
file an amended trademark application
group the goods and services of a registration according to the classes of the Nice Classification organisation
renew a trademark registration
request copies of trademark documents

You can use the TMOB's online web awarding to:

Opposition proceedings

file a statement of opposition
file a counter argument
submit the opponent'southward evidence, or statement
submit the bidder's testify, or statement
submit the opponent'due south reply evidence
submit the opponent's written representations, or argument
submit the applicant's written representations, or statement
request a hearing
request an extension of time

Department 45 proceedings

request a section 45 detect
submit the registered owner'due south evidence, or statement
submit the requesting party'south written representations, or statement
submit the registered owner'due south written representations, or statement
request a hearing
request an extension of time

3. Registering a trademark exterior Canada

Registering your trademark with the Registrar protects your rights in Canada only. If you wish to market appurtenances or services in other countries, y'all should call up about getting trademark registration(s) there besides. For more information, delight refer to the International Trademarks under the Madrid Protocol or contact a trademark agent.

4. Expungement of a trademark registration

When someone registers a trademark, they gain a very valuable right. Still, they can lose that right (expungement, or removal, from the Register of Trademarks) unless they carry out specific responsibilities. A trademark registration tin can exist expunged for several reasons, including: the trademark losing its distinctiveness, abandonment of the trademark, and non-use of the trademark.

Please contact CIPO'due south Client Service Centre if you demand more information.

v. Renewal fee

To maintain your trademark registration, you are required to pay a renewal fee every x years. If y'all exercise non, your trademark volition exist expunged from the Register of Trademarks. The Registrar volition send you a notice with information about your payment borderline.

half-dozen. Use in Canada (section 45 proceedings)

Another of your responsibilities as the possessor of a trademark is to use the trademark in Canada. If you do not employ it, the registration could be expunged from the Register of Trademarks by the Registrar. The Registrar could start summary expungement proceedings, subsequently three years beginning on the day on which a trademark is registered, either on their ain at any time during the life of the registration, or if another party pays the proper fee and asks them to.

The procedure begins when the Registrar sends a notice to the registered owner asking them to provide evidence showing that the trademark has been used in Canada during the final iii years or to prove that there are special circumstances that alibi the fact that the trademark has not been used. If the owner fails to reply to the Registrar, the trademark is liable to be expunged from the Register of Trademarks.

Once the Registrar has received the requested evidence, the owner and the other party tin ship in written arguments and also appear at an oral hearing. After the Registrar has made a concluding decision to expunge, meliorate or maintain the registration, the possessor or other party can appeal to the Federal Court of Canada.

The process we have outlined hither is circuitous. We recommend that yous use a registered trademarks agent to help you through it.

For more than information, visit our web page on section 45 proceedings or contact us.

vii. Transfers

A trademark is a grade of property. Yous tin can sell, bestow or transfer your rights to someone else through an assignment. To avert ownership disagreements, you lot should formally tell the Registrar about changes in ownership.

You should also tell the Registrar virtually anything else that affects the ownership a trademark, such as a alter of name or a business organization merger.

eight. Marking requirements

At that place is no legal requirement to mark your trademark with whatsoever detail symbol. Even so, many owners use the post-obit symbols to bear witness that their trademark is registered:

R (registered)
TM (trademark)
SM (service mark)
MC (marque de commerce)

9. Policing your trademark

Information technology is upward to you to make sure nobody is using your trademark without your permission and to have action if someone does. You lot may wish to have activity if you come up beyond a trademark or a trade name that could be confused with your registered trademark, every bit you practice non want anyone imitating your trademark.

There is a good reason for this, beyond but the imitation. If your business is successful and someone imitates your trademark, it may be in danger of becoming a generic term. For example, if consumers start saying "Northward Pole" when they mean any ice cream, in the aforementioned fashion that the trademark "attachment" is now what nearly everyone says when they mean "slide fastener", the rights in your trademark may no longer be enforceable.

10. Common errors

Before you file your trademark application, accept some time to go through the following checklist. The fewer errors you make, the more quickly your application will go through.

Fee

Retrieve that each application must be accompanied past an application fee (non-refundable).

Annotation: You can pay by credit menu (VISA, MasterCard, or American Express), directly payment, postal money order or cheque (the postal money order or cheque must be made payable, in Canadian dollars, to the Receiver General for Canada). Do not add together federal and provincial taxes.

Goods or services

Y'all may not employ a trademark registered by someone else to describe your goods or services. Many registered trademarks have become office of everyday linguistic communication, simply yous cannot use them to draw your goods or services. A few examples are "yo-yo," "bubble wrap," and "kleenex".

Make sure that you include all the goods or services with which y'all plan to use, or take used, your trademark, and that they are grouped co-ordinate to the classes of the Nice Classification. You may non expand the scope of goods or services later you accept filed the awarding.

The Trademarks Human action states that the description of the appurtenances or services you lot are applying for must be in specific and ordinary commercial terms. In other words, your application should use mutual names for the goods and services and utilise wording that is as consummate and as specific as possible (e.grand., shirts, bread, sofas, etc.). To help yous with this, the Goods and Services Manual list acceptable wording for many goods and services. It also gives guidelines for how to place goods and services not listed.

11. Case of a trademark application

To the Registrar of Trademarks, Gatineau, Canada.

The applicant, DEF Inc., whose full post office address of its principal office or place of business is 456 Number Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, D4E 5F6, applies for the registration of the trademark identified beneath.

The trademark is a design, the representation of which is shown below:

Representation of a trademark design

Statement of goods and services

Course 25

Blouses, sweaters, pants, skirts, socks, underwear and pyjamas.

Class 35

Operation of an online retail clothing store; operation of an online retail jewellery store.

Boosted Information

Websites of involvement

The post-obit are a few websites yous may find helpful.

Full general interest

Innovation, Scientific discipline and Economical Evolution Canada

The Canadian Intellectual Property Office, which includes the Trademarks Role, is a special operating agency of Innovation, Science and Economical Evolution Canada.

Corporations Canada

Helps Canadians incorporate, maintain and operate businesses, not-for-profit corporations, and other corporate entities.

Canada Business organization Network

This is a unmarried access point for federal and provincial/territorial government services, programs and regulatory requirements for businesses.

Plant Breeders' Rights Office (Canadian Food Inspection Agency)

This office oversees the Plant Breeders' Rights Act and Plant Breeders' Rights Regulations, which protect the legal right of establish breeders for their new institute varieties.

Intellectual holding

Intellectual property

Canadian Trademarks Database

This is a searchable database of all active and inactive trademark applications and registrations in Canada. It likewise shows the status of all active opposition and summary expungement (section 45) cases.

Trademarks Opposition Board

Oversees and provides information about trademark opposition and summary expungement proceedings (section 45 proceedings) in Canada.

WIPO Intellectual Property Digital Library

Provides access to intellectual holding data collections hosted by the Globe Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).

Us Patent and Trademark Office—English content only

Processes patent and trademark applications and provides information, resources and services for trademarks and their registration in the United States of America.

Related acts and case law

Precious Metals Marking Human activity

Sets out the rules for using quality marks for precious metals. This helps prevent the registration of trademarks that may be misread equally quality marks.

Depository financial institution Act

Regulates Canada's chartered banks, and restricts the utilize of the term "banking services" in gild to forestall unauthorized use of this term.

Canada Post Corporation Act

Regulates post service in Canada and prohibits unauthorized utilize of words such equally "mail service", "alphabetic character", and "post" and the unauthorized auction of stamp stamps.

Federal Courtroom of Canada

Provides a searchable database of all decisions made past the judges of the Federal Court and the Federal Court of Appeal.

Supreme Court of Canada

Provides a searchable database of all decisions made by the Supreme Court of Canada.